Useful SPARQL Notes

Literal Types mentioned in the SPARQL Specification

type	language	datatype
literal	optional	optional
plain literal	optional	no
typed literal	no	yes
simple literal	no	no

RDF Terms

• IRIs

• Blank Nodes

• Literals

Expressions and Variables

	AS	Unsafe	Aggregation	Expressions
OPTIONAL		X
BIND	X	X		X
GROUP BY	X	X		X
HAVING			X	X
ORDER BY			X	X
VALUES		X
SELECT	X	X	X	X
FILTER				X

Solution Modifier Order

ORDER BY, PROJECTION, DISTINCT, REDUCED, OFFSET, LIMIT

Operator Evaluation Order

GROUPING, AGGREGATES, HAVING, VALUES, SELECT expressions